Cavities are permanently damaged areas in the hard surface of your teeth that develop into tiny openings or holes. Cavities, also called tooth decay or caries, are caused by a combination of factors, including bacteria in your mouth, frequent snacking, sipping sugary drinks and not cleaning your teeth well.
Cavities and tooth decay are among the world’s most common health problems. They’re especially common in children, teenagers and older adults. But anyone who has teeth can get cavities, including infants.
If cavities aren’t treated, they get larger and affect deeper layers of your teeth. They can lead to a severe toothache, infection and tooth loss. Regular dental visits and good brushing and flossing habits are your best protection against cavities and tooth decay.
Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of cavities vary, depending on their extent and location. When a cavity is just beginning, you may not have any symptoms at all. As the decay gets larger, it may cause signs and symptoms such as:
- Toothache, spontaneous pain or pain that occurs without any apparent cause
- Tooth sensitivity
- Mild to sharp pain when eating or drinking something sweet, hot or cold
- Visible holes or pits in your teeth
- Brown, black or white staining on any surface of a tooth
- Pain when you bite down
What you can do
Prepare for your appointment by making a list of:
- Relevant medical history, for instance, past bruxism-related problems and information on any medical conditions.
- Any symptoms you’re experiencing, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason for the appointment. If you experience pain, make a note of when it occurs, such as when you wake up or at the end of the day.
- Key personal information, including any major stresses or recent life changes.
- All medications, including over-the-counter medications, vitamins, herbs or other supplements, you’re taking and the dosages. Let your doctor know about anything you’ve taken to help you sleep.
- Questions to ask your dentist or doctor.
Basic questions to ask your doctor may include:
- What’s likely causing my symptoms?
- Are there other possible causes?
- What kinds of tests do I need?
- Is my condition likely temporary or long term?
- What’s the best treatment?
- What are the alternatives to the primary approach you’re suggesting?
- I have other health conditions. How can I best manage them together?
- Should I see a specialist?
- Is there a generic alternative to the medicine you’re prescribing?
- Are there any brochures or other printed material that I can have? What websites do you recommend?
Don’t hesitate to ask other questions during your appointment.